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🔢 Python Numbers — A Complete Guide by GoNimbus

In Python, numbers are not just digits — they are powerful data types used in calculations, statistics, data science, simulations, and more.

Let’s explore the three main number types Python provides and how to work with them effectively.

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📌 Number Types in Python

Python supports three basic numeric types:

Type	Description
int	Whole numbers (positive, negative, zero)
float	Decimal numbers, including scientific notation
complex	Numbers with a real and imaginary part

Python automatically assigns a type when you assign a value:

a = 10          # int
b = 3.14        # float
c = 2 + 3j      # complex

Use the type() function to check the type of any number:

print(type(a))  # <class 'int'>
print(type(b))  # <class 'float'>
print(type(c))  # <class 'complex'>

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🔢 Integer (int)

Integers are whole numbers without a decimal. They can be positive, negative, and can be of unlimited length.

small = 42
large = 9876543210123456789
negative = -100

print(type(small))    # int
print(type(large))    # int
print(type(negative)) # int

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🔣 Float (float)

Floats represent decimal numbers. They can also be written in scientific notation using e or E.

pi = 3.14159
price = 99.0
negative_float = -5.67
sci_number = 2e2   # 2 x 10^2 = 200.0

print(type(sci_number))  # float

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🧮 Complex Numbers (complex)

Complex numbers include a real and imaginary part. Python uses j (not i) for imaginary numbers.

x = 4 + 5j
y = -3j
z = 6

print(type(x))  # complex
print(type(y))  # complex
print(type(z))  # int

🧠 Tip: Complex numbers are useful in electrical engineering, simulations, and advanced math.

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🔁 Type Conversion

Python lets you convert between numeric types:

a = 7          # int
b = float(a)   # float → 7.0
c = complex(a) # complex → 7+0j

d = 5.8
e = int(d)     # int → 5 (decimal truncated)

print(b, c, e)

❗ You cannot convert complex to int or float.

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🎲 Generate Random Numbers in Python

Need a random number? Python has a built-in module called random.

import random

print(random.randint(1, 100))       # Random integer between 1 and 100
print(random.uniform(1.0, 5.0))     # Random float between 1.0 and 5.0
print(random.choice([10, 20, 30]))  # Random choice from a list

Explore more in the random module for games, AI, testing, and simulations.

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📘 Summary

Task	Function/Example
Check type	type(x)
Convert int to float	float(5)
Convert float to int	int(7.9)
Generate random number	random.randint(1, 10)
Use scientific notation	x = 6.5e3 → 6500.0
Create complex number	x = 3 + 4j

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🚀 Try It on GoNimbus!

Use our built-in Python editor to test this yourself:

import random

score = random.randint(10, 100)
print("Your random score is:", score)

Want to explore data types, casting, or math operations next? Let’s build your coding confidence one topic at a time.

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